The neural underpinnings of cognitive and postural profile of a young adult with congenital cerebellar athrophy: a longitudinal case report.

For decades the cerebellum has been conceived as an organ chiefly involved in motor control, gait and posture. However, more recent and increasing evidence shows that the cerebellum is also involved in cognition and affection, and that damage to this structure may significantly compromise the overall neuropsychological functioning. Here we report we report the evolution along time of a possible congenital cerebellar atrophy and its effects on gross motor and cognitive functioning in a 41-years old man. Advanced neuroimaging analyses are also provided in order to understand the anatomo-functional correlates of cerebellar damage, with a novel focus on its different lobules. It is hypothesized that congenital cerebellar atrophy, initially compromising motor control, gradually brings to cognitive frailties. Findings related to neuroimaging, neuropsychological and postural data reveal a progressive decline in cognitive and gross motor capacities, particularly affecting executive and attentional functions. Neuroimaging results suggest specific gray matter volume reductions within cerebellar regions known to influence cognitive processes. This case report provides a nuanced look into the neuropsychological impact of cerebellar atrophy over time, shedding light on the elusive cognitive role of the cerebellum and its potential link to cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.