Four-year follow-up comparison of three pre-surgical infant orthopedic methods on mandibular arch morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) on mandibular dimensions and inter arch relation at 4 years follow-up comparing three different PSIO methods (modified Grayson's technique, Dynacleft nasal elevator, OrthoAligner NAM with Dynacleft nasal elevator) to no-nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on non-syndromic UCLP patients treated with either PSIO or no-PSIO between 2018 and 2019, with a 4-year follow-up. The cohort was divided into four groups of 13 patients each: group 1 received PSIO with the modified Grayson's technique, group 2 received PSIO with the Dynacleft nasal elevator, group 3 was treated with OrthoAligner NAM combined with Dynacleft nasal elevator, and group 4 received no PSIO. Mandibular transverse width and interarch relation were assessed using the Modified Huddart and Bodenham (MBH) index. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and the Chi-square test were used to compare mandibular dimensions and interarch relationships across the groups.

RESULTS

A total of 52 patients (29 boys, 23 girls) were included in the study. Mandibular arch dimensions showed no significant differences across groups (P>0.05), with inter-canine (Grayson: 26.31mm, Dynacleft: 27.42mm, OrthoAligner: 28.27mm, no-NAM: 27.15mm), anterior arch (33.36-33.50mm), inter-molar (36.50-36.77mm), and posterior arch widths (42.36-42.61mm). Crossbite and interarch occlusal relationships showed comparable distribution among all groups, with no significant variations (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

The study found no significant differences in mandibular transverse arch dimensions or inter arch occlusal relationships among different PSIO modalities, indicating that the choice of PSIO modality did not substantially impact arch width or occlusion interarch relation.