Casimiroa edulis extract modulates testosterone levels, testicular enzymes and spermatogenesis disorders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health issue that adversely affects male reproductive function and contributes to the rise in male infertility. This study examined the effectiveness of Casimiroa edulis leaf extract in improving reproductive impairment in diabetic male rats. Forty male rats were divided into control, Casimiroa edulis extract-treated, diabetic, and diabetic + Casimiroa edulis groups. Diabetic rats showed a notable reduction in sperm quality, a considerable rise in serum cholesterol levels, accompanied by a decrease in both androstenedione and testosterone levels. Histological examination of testicular tissue revealed degeneration of the seminiferous tubules, depletion of germinal cells, and lack of Leydig cells. They also exhibited a notable reduction in the activity of testicular enzymes, specifically 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, along with a rise in the level of dehydroepiandrosterone. Casimiroa edulis treatment substantially reduced cholesterol levels, enhanced the activity of testicular enzymes, and restored testicle structure. Consequently, testosterone levels were elevated, and sperm quality was improved. To conclude, Casimiroa edulis may mitigate the negative effects of diabetes mellitus on the reproductive parameters of male rats and enhance fertility.