Prediction of fetal Rh D and Rh CcEe phenotype from maternal plasma with real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Real-time PCR methods for the detection of RHD and the C, c, and E allele of RHCE were applied for the prediction of fetal Rh phenotype using maternal plasma. In one of 36 samples investigated the DNA extraction failed. When we tested the remaining 35 samples for Rh antigens which were absent on the mother's red cells, the fetal D-status was correctly determined in 26 of 27 cases (1 false negative). Fetal C was tested correctly in 23 samples, c was true positive in the only c-negative woman and the fetal E-status was correctly determined in 35 cases. In conclusion real-time PCR of maternal plasma is a non-invasive method to determine fetal RH genotype. However, more studies are required for routine applications because the method is not 100% sensitive.