Measuring contractile forces in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractility mediates blood vessel tone. Abnormalities in VSMC function and in blood vessel tone can contribute to a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This review examines the role of VSMC contractile force in vascular disease, divided into two primary sections. The first section introducing VSMC mechanical contraction and detailing the molecular mechanisms of VSMC contractility in normal and pathological states. The second section exploring methods of measuring contraction in VSMCs, such as Ca2+ imaging, myography, and traction force microscopy, and highlighting where each method is of best use. Understanding the mechanical properties and contractile profiles of VSMCs offers valuable insights into disease mechanisms. By investigating these aspects, this review describes the potential of VSMC contractile forces as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in vascular disease.