Venetoclax-Based Therapy for Early Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Minireview.

BACKGROUND

Refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R-AML) typically exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy, resulting in a poor overall therapeutic outcome. Salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the primary treatment option in such patients. However, posttransplant relapse is still a challenge, with no established effective regimens.

CASE: In this case report, we present the case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with R/R-AML who underwent salvage allo-HSCT. Unfortunately, after 4 months of follow-up, a relapse occurred. We modified the immunosuppressive therapy and administered donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and decitabine but failed to obtain complete remission (CR). Subsequently, a combination of venetoclax (Ven) and azacitidine (Aza), followed by the DLI regimen, was initiated. The patient achieved CR with no measurable residual disease.

CONCLUSION

Our data suggest that the administration of Ven in combination with Aza followed by the DLI regimen used for early post-HSCT relapsed AML could serve as a valuable reference for treating similar patients.