[Exertion-related abnormalities in the urine].

Strenuous exercise can lead to the occurrence of various abnormalities in the urine. Hematuria and proteinuria are those most frequently described. Other less common possibilities are pigmenturia like hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria. These urine abnormalities are found not only in sportsmen/women or soldiers, but also in percussionists. Other possible causes are hereditary metabolic myopathy and the use of drugs or medication. Exertion-related urine abnormalities occur frequently and are usually benign. Any abnormalities should disappear after a period of 24-72 h of rest. Exertional rhabdomyolysis only appears 24-48 h after exercise. This condition rarely leads to acute renal failure and the need for (temporary) renal replacement therapy. When exertion-related urine abnormalities do not disappear spontaneously following a period of rest, further investigation as to the cause, e.g. renal or urological disease, should be started. Prevention of exertion-related urine abnormalities is possible by ensuring an adequate fluid intake during and following exertion.