Management of neonatal llamas and alpacas.

Most llama and alpaca crias will be born without complication and survive the neonatal period without incident. However, it is important to be able to recognize which crias are likely to be at risk of complications so that you are best able to advise owners and take the correct course of action if required. This article deals with management of the pregnant camelid, the events associated with parturition and the peripartum period with emphasis on the cria, management of the newborn cria including assessment of passive transfer of immunity, issues relating to prematurity, and the major congenital defects that may present as emergencies within the neonatal period.