Revista medica de Chile · 2026
[Phenotype and Genotype of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Nostrils of Elderly Adults in the Valparaíso Region, Chile, from June 2019 to January 2020].
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Aravena Carmen, Caneo Rocío, Lecanda Ossandón Javiera, Giovine A Isabella, Toloza Zamora Constanza, Tognarelli Javier
Аннотация
UNLABELLED: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) persistently colonizes the nares of approximately 20-30% of healthy individuals, and the nasal carriage constitutes a risk of infection and transmission. This pathogen causes mild to severe infections, different strains show variable virulence, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a global concern. Due to the worldwide aging of the population, further research in older adults is necessary, such as the study of their microbiota.
AIM: To determine the carriage of S. aureus in older adults in Valparaíso, Chile, and to characterize the phenotype and genotype of their isolates.
METHODOLOGY: In a transversal and descriptive study, S. aureus strains were isolated from nasal swabs of 223 older adults. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar diffusion technique. The virulence genes: Panton-Valentine leucocidine (pvl), methicillin-resistance (mecA), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), and enterotoxin A (sea) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping of two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains and one MRSA was performed using MiSeq-Illumina and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS: We identified 41 S. aureus strains in 18.3% [95%CI: 13.5 - 24.1%] of individuals, and the percentage of S. aureus in men was greater than in women. MRSA was 1.3% [95%CI: 0.3-3.9%] without differences between sexes. The isolates showed high resistance to penicillin, followed by erythromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Twenty-four percent of MSSA strains showed multidrug-resistance. Virulence genes sea (6+/41 strains), mecA (3+/41), pvl (2+/41), and tst (2+/41) were detected. Additionally, the genotypes: ST5-SCCmecI-1B), ST398, and ST45 were identified, showing different virulence.
CONCLUSIONS: Nasal carriage of S. aureus was similar to studies of the general population and the same age group from Latin America and Europe; however, MRSA carriage was higher. Strains from older adults exhibited variable pathogenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility, identifying the Chilean/Cordobes clone and MSSA strains corresponding to CC398 and CC45 previously described in healthy carriers.
AIM: To determine the carriage of S. aureus in older adults in Valparaíso, Chile, and to characterize the phenotype and genotype of their isolates.
METHODOLOGY: In a transversal and descriptive study, S. aureus strains were isolated from nasal swabs of 223 older adults. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar diffusion technique. The virulence genes: Panton-Valentine leucocidine (pvl), methicillin-resistance (mecA), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), and enterotoxin A (sea) were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping of two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains and one MRSA was performed using MiSeq-Illumina and bioinformatics analysis.
RESULTS: We identified 41 S. aureus strains in 18.3% [95%CI: 13.5 - 24.1%] of individuals, and the percentage of S. aureus in men was greater than in women. MRSA was 1.3% [95%CI: 0.3-3.9%] without differences between sexes. The isolates showed high resistance to penicillin, followed by erythromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Twenty-four percent of MSSA strains showed multidrug-resistance. Virulence genes sea (6+/41 strains), mecA (3+/41), pvl (2+/41), and tst (2+/41) were detected. Additionally, the genotypes: ST5-SCCmecI-1B), ST398, and ST45 were identified, showing different virulence.
CONCLUSIONS: Nasal carriage of S. aureus was similar to studies of the general population and the same age group from Latin America and Europe; however, MRSA carriage was higher. Strains from older adults exhibited variable pathogenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility, identifying the Chilean/Cordobes clone and MSSA strains corresponding to CC398 and CC45 previously described in healthy carriers.