Indian journal of medical microbiology · 2026
Molecular profiling of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance in MRSA isolates from HIV-infected and non-HIV individuals.
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Rameshkumar Marimuthu Ragavan, Vignesh Ramachandran, Balakrishnan Pachamuthu, Arunagirinathan Narasingam
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen exhibiting antibiotic resistance and multiple virulence factors. This study analyses the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients from southern India.
METHODS: S. aureus strains from HIV (n = 125) and non-HIV (n = 100) patients were isolated using conventional bacterial culture techniques. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: Methicillin resistance was detected in 88.8 % and 34 % of the S. aureus isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients, respectively, and all tested positive for the mecA gene. SCCmec type V was the most frequently detected SCCmec cassette in MRSA from both HIV (55.2%) and non-HIV patients (44.4 %). MRSA isolates from HIV patients were 98.2 % positive for the penicillin resistance gene blaZ, followed by the aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA-aphD (82 %), aac(6')/aph(2″) (75.7 %) and aph(3″)-IIIa (51.4 %), the tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) (42.3 %) and tet(M) (13.5 %) and the erythromycin resistance genes erm(C) (55 %). Among the non-HIV-infected MRSA strains, 73.5 % were positive for blaZ, followed by aac(6')/aph(2″) (50 %), aacA-aphD (47.1 %), aph(3")-IIIa (23.5 %), and erm(C) (29.4 %). The seb (7.2 %), sea (5.4 %), seb and sed (2.7 %), exfoliative toxin gene eta (3.6 %) and toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst (8.1 %) were detected among MRSA from HIV patients, and the sea (5.9 %), sec (5.9 %), eta (5.9 %) and tst (8.8 %) were found among MRSA from non-HIV patients.
CONCLUSIONS: HIV patients are at a relatively greater risk of acquiring virulent and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections than non-HIV patients.
METHODS: S. aureus strains from HIV (n = 125) and non-HIV (n = 100) patients were isolated using conventional bacterial culture techniques. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: Methicillin resistance was detected in 88.8 % and 34 % of the S. aureus isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients, respectively, and all tested positive for the mecA gene. SCCmec type V was the most frequently detected SCCmec cassette in MRSA from both HIV (55.2%) and non-HIV patients (44.4 %). MRSA isolates from HIV patients were 98.2 % positive for the penicillin resistance gene blaZ, followed by the aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA-aphD (82 %), aac(6')/aph(2″) (75.7 %) and aph(3″)-IIIa (51.4 %), the tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) (42.3 %) and tet(M) (13.5 %) and the erythromycin resistance genes erm(C) (55 %). Among the non-HIV-infected MRSA strains, 73.5 % were positive for blaZ, followed by aac(6')/aph(2″) (50 %), aacA-aphD (47.1 %), aph(3")-IIIa (23.5 %), and erm(C) (29.4 %). The seb (7.2 %), sea (5.4 %), seb and sed (2.7 %), exfoliative toxin gene eta (3.6 %) and toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst (8.1 %) were detected among MRSA from HIV patients, and the sea (5.9 %), sec (5.9 %), eta (5.9 %) and tst (8.8 %) were found among MRSA from non-HIV patients.
CONCLUSIONS: HIV patients are at a relatively greater risk of acquiring virulent and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections than non-HIV patients.