Research Progress on Novel Lead Compounds for Central Nervous System Diseases.

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, impose a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases primarily include modulating ion channels, inhibiting excitotoxicity, and applying anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic approaches. However, existing drugs have not yet met the growing clinical demands. This paper summarizes novel lead compounds recently reported for CNS diseases and discusses the current challenges and emerging strategies in CNS drug development, aiming to provide a reference and scientific basis for future drug discovery and research.