Legionella pneumophila infection associated with renal failure causing fatality in a known case of sarcoidosis.

Legionella pneumophila infection may become fatal in immunocompromised state. We report here the first known fatal case from India due to Legionella pneumophila infection complicated by renal failure in a patient undergoing treatment for Sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic inflammatory disease involving multiple organs. Urine antigen detection and polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA gene could help in rapid diagnosis of the infection and thereby start specific therapy. Clinical awareness along with availability of rapid diagnostic tests and institution of specific therapy may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this infection especially in immunocompromised state.