Magnetic pore-rich skeleton material with C8 brushes as novel sorbent for the cleanup of 16 antiviral drugs from poultry.

A novel polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB)-based adsorbent, i.e., magnetic pore-rich skeleton material with octyl (C8) brushes (Mag-C8-PRSM) has been synthesized using cyclohexanol as a dispersant, enabling the controllable transformation of non-porous microspheres into a porous carbon. The Mag-C8-PRSM are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This material could effectively extract 16 antiviral drugs (both highly polar and non-polar) from poultry muscle samples via the reverse-phase interactions facilitated by the benzene rings on the polymer backbone and the C8 brushes. By using NP-Mag-C8-PRSM as a sorbent, a simple and efficient pass-through cleanup procedure was developed to selectively adsorb proteins, fats, and phospholipids, allowing simultaneous purification of the 16 antiviral drugs from poultry muscle samples. This Mag-C8-PRSM pass-through cleanup procedure demonstrated high recovery rates between 81.6 and 106 %. Furthermore, a liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated for the determination of these 16 antiviral drugs in poultry muscle samples at sub-ppt levels with limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.13 to 1.83 µg/kg. The analytical method was successfully applied to real poultry muscle samples from Zhejiang Province, China, indicating that the occurrence of antiviral drug residues in poultry muscle samples and on the Chinese market is low. This study confirmed the high effectiveness of Mag-C8-PRSM in the pass-through cleanup procedure for antiviral drug residues analyses.