[Chlamydia infection and CIN].

Under the hypothesis that a chronic infection of the cervical epithelium leads to a reduction in the immunological response, a study was carried out to compare the possible relationship between chlamydial infection and CIN. 187 patients were referred to hospital for histological confirmation because of a cytological smear result (PAP III and IV a). Smears were examined for chlamydia antigens using immunofluorescence. The presence of antichlamydial IgA and IgG was performed in serum using an indirect immunohistochemical method. These tests confirmed CIN in 163 patients. The infection rate with chlamydia was 52.9%, 15.9% of CIN patients showing an active chlamydial infection. Inclusion of topographical findings, together with differential evaluation of colposcopic results, with reference to the transformation zone, allow for a separation between inflammation and dysplasia. The confirmation of a positive chlamydial infection and colposcopic criteria may help to reduce the high percentage of false-positive findings in the problem-group of PAP III patients. It appears that reservations about smear controls after doxycyclin therapy--including treatment of sexual partners--is justified.