Microvascular research · 2026
Association of circulating biomarkers of glycocalyx injury, sirtuin 1, and NFκB p65 in individuals with type 2 diabetes and concurrent arterial hypertension.
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Viudes Drielly Rodrigues, Mateus Alanna Ramalho, Silva Cristina Antoniali, do Carmo Franco Maria
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and arterial hypertension are major cardiovascular risk factors, with endothelial dysfunction being a central pathological mechanism. This study investigated the concurrent T2D and arterial hypertension on plasma levels of endothelial glycocalyx components and inflammatory/vasoprotective markers.
METHODS: In this cross sectional study, we assessed 68 individuals (44 female and 24 male) aged 41-69 years. Thirty-one individuals had T2D and thirty-seven had concurrent T2D and arterial hypertension. Anthropometry parameters and biomarkers profile were evaluated. Plasma syndecan-1, syndecan-4, hyaluronic acid, NFκB p65, and sirtuin 1 were measured using ELISA assay.
RESULTS: Our findings revealed that individuals with coexisting hypertension and T2D exhibited significantly elevated hyaluronic acid (p = 0.013), syndecan-4 (p = 0.028), and NFκB p65 (p = 0.002), and markedly reduced sirtuin 1 (p = 0.007), compared to T2D-only participants. Effect size analysis showed moderate effect magnitudes for hyaluronic acid (Ƞ2p = 0.10), syndecan-4 (Ƞ2p = 0.10), NFκB p65 (Ƞ2p = 0.14), and sirtuin 1 (Ƞ2p = 0.11). In unadjusted analyses, sirtuin 1 was inversely correlated with hyaluronic acid (rho = -0.259; p = 0.033), syndecan-4 (rho = -0.307; p = 0.011), and NFκB p65 (rho = -0.276; p = 0.023), whereas hyaluronic acid was positively correlated with syndecan-4 (rho = 0.359; p = 0.003). After adjustment for diabetes duration, the associations of hyaluronic acid with syndecan-4 and of sirtuin 1 with NFκB p65 remained significant, whereas the correlations of sirtuin 1 with hyaluronic acid and syndecan-4 were no longer significant.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the coexistence of T2D and arterial hypertension is associated with unfavorable vascular biomarker profile, characterized by glycocalyx injury, greater inflammatory activation, and reduced vasoprotective signaling.
METHODS: In this cross sectional study, we assessed 68 individuals (44 female and 24 male) aged 41-69 years. Thirty-one individuals had T2D and thirty-seven had concurrent T2D and arterial hypertension. Anthropometry parameters and biomarkers profile were evaluated. Plasma syndecan-1, syndecan-4, hyaluronic acid, NFκB p65, and sirtuin 1 were measured using ELISA assay.
RESULTS: Our findings revealed that individuals with coexisting hypertension and T2D exhibited significantly elevated hyaluronic acid (p = 0.013), syndecan-4 (p = 0.028), and NFκB p65 (p = 0.002), and markedly reduced sirtuin 1 (p = 0.007), compared to T2D-only participants. Effect size analysis showed moderate effect magnitudes for hyaluronic acid (Ƞ2p = 0.10), syndecan-4 (Ƞ2p = 0.10), NFκB p65 (Ƞ2p = 0.14), and sirtuin 1 (Ƞ2p = 0.11). In unadjusted analyses, sirtuin 1 was inversely correlated with hyaluronic acid (rho = -0.259; p = 0.033), syndecan-4 (rho = -0.307; p = 0.011), and NFκB p65 (rho = -0.276; p = 0.023), whereas hyaluronic acid was positively correlated with syndecan-4 (rho = 0.359; p = 0.003). After adjustment for diabetes duration, the associations of hyaluronic acid with syndecan-4 and of sirtuin 1 with NFκB p65 remained significant, whereas the correlations of sirtuin 1 with hyaluronic acid and syndecan-4 were no longer significant.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the coexistence of T2D and arterial hypertension is associated with unfavorable vascular biomarker profile, characterized by glycocalyx injury, greater inflammatory activation, and reduced vasoprotective signaling.