Dietary habits, prepregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy. Risk of pre term rupture of amniotic sac membranes.

BACKGROUND

Premature rupture of amniotic sac membranes (PROM) is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. A matched case-control study was undertaken to determine whether dietary habits, prepregnancy weight, and weight gain during pregnancy were associated with increased risks for PROM.

METHODS

Three study groups were defined, consisting of women delivering pre term with PROM (PP), full term with PROM (FP), and pre term without PROM (PWP). Cases were singly matched by race, age, and parity with women having full term deliveries without PROM. Data were collected by face-to-face structured interviews with eligible subjects and by medical records abstraction.

RESULTS

Conditional multiple logistic regression indicated that during pregnancy, PP cases were significantly more likely to have gained less than 21 pounds (9.5 kg) (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.14-6.36) and were only half as likely as controls to have improved their diet (OR = 0.43, CI = 0.18-0.99) while controlling for cigarette smoking, urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis, chlamydia, and a history of previous PROM. FP cases were significantly less likely than controls to have gained 31-40 pounds (14-18 kg) while pregnant (OR = 0.56, CI = 0.33-0.94) and were significantly more likely than controls to have a somewhat inadequate pregnancy diet (OR = 2.05, CI = 1.11-3.77) while controlling for a history of previous PROM. PWP cases were significantly less likely to have gained 31-40 pounds (14-18 kg) (OR = 0.42, CI = 0.21-0.84) or greater than 40 pounds (18 kg) (OR = 0.37, CI = 0.17-0.80) while pregnant or to have had adequate dairy products intake (OR = 0.60, CI = 0.36-0.99) while controlling for cigarette usage.

CONCLUSION

Maternal dietary habits, weight gain during pregnancy, and supplement intake are associated with the occurrence of both pre term and full term PROM and pre term delivery without PROM.