Enhanced photocatalytic activity of tin oxide-doped molybdenum disulfide nanohybrids under visible light irradiation: Antibiotics elimination, heavy metal reduction and antibacterial behavior.

Nano-heterojunction photocatalytic can operate removal of pollutants, which is basic for the sustainable development of a clean environment. Herein, we propose a novel MoS2/SnO2 (MS) S-scheme heterojunction by a facile hydrothermal process, which is cheap, easily available, highly visible-light response, and good stability. The MS nano-heterojunction suggested superior performance with the photocatalytic degradation of 97.6% within 100 min for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal, which was 5.74 and 4.88 folds higher than that of pristine MoS2 and SnO2, respectively. The fabricated MS photocatalysts displayed outstanding photocatalytic efficiency toward Cr (VI) reduction. The removal capability of Cr (VI) reached up to 92.5% within 60 min. The photodegradation efficiency was 5.2 folds that of pristine MoS2. In addition, the antibacterial performance approximately approached 100% for E. coli within 10 min, which was more apparent than the others. A series of excellent results implied that MS nano-heterojunction had a high ultraviolet and visible light absorbance, larger specific surface area, outstanding electron-hole pairs migration and higher capability of photo-response electrons and holes separation rate. This system offers a novel window into the evolution of nano-heterojunction for wastewater treatment and solar energy harvesting applications.