Critical congenital cardiac defects in the newborn.

Recognizing cyanotic and other critical congenital cardiac defects and providing appropriate supportive care before transport to a cardiac center or unit are crucial in promoting the survival and positive outcome of affected newborns. The article discusses basic pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, and supportive care required for the following defects: transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, critical aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Also discussed are the normal transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, diagnosis, preparation for transport, and treatment of these defects. The information is designed for health care providers in a number of settings.