An exploration of possible future non-pharmacological multidisciplinary treatments to potentiate withdrawal strategy and recovery from medication overuse headache (MOH): a narrative review.

Medication Overuse Headache (MOH) is a secondary headache resulting from the sustained overuse of acute headache medications, and represents a clinical challenge for its complex pathophysiology and high relapse rate. This narrative review examines non-pharmacological strategies for the management of MOH, and explores the potential role of a multidisciplinary approach in improving patient outcomes. The available evidence on patient education, psychotherapy, behavioral interventions, physical therapy, and neuromodulation techniques was reviewed, along with other non-pharmacological approaches, such as dietary modifications, Ayurveda, and acupuncture. These interventions may help in targeting multiple dimensions of MOH pathophysiology, and could be tailored to individual patient needs. Integrating multimodal non-pharmacological interventions with medication withdrawal and, when appropriate, bridging therapies appears promising in improving outcomes and reducing the overall burden of MOH. However, further research is required to identify the optimal combination and duration of multidisciplinary interventions.