Physical therapy · 2025
Loneliness Is Independently Associated With Functioning in the Oldest Old: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Data From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.
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Bertoldi Karina, Haagsma Ariele Barreto, Bernardelli Rafaella Stradiotto, Karam Leandro Zen, Coll-Planas Laura, Frajacomo Fernando Tadeu Trevisan, Jerez-Roig Javier, Baena Cristina Pellegrino
Аннотация
IMPORTANCE: Functionality is crucial for older adults' autonomy, and loneliness has emerged as a potential risk factor for chronic diseases. However, its role in functional limitations remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between loneliness and limitations in 1 or more basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in individuals who were 80 years old or older.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study using data from wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.
SETTING: The study was conducted in 26 European countries.
PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 7434 community-dwelling adults who were 80 years old or older.
EXPOSURE: Loneliness was assessed using the 3-item loneliness scale, covering companionship, exclusion, and isolation.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Functional limitations were defined as difficulty in 1 or more BADL (dressing, walking, bathing, eating, bed transfer, and toileting), IADL (map use, preparing a hot meal, shopping, phone use, medication management, housework, finances, transportation, and laundry), or in both types of activities (BADL and IADL). Sociodemographic and health-related variables were considered. Logistic regression and multivariate analyses were applied, using the odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure.
RESULTS: The mean age was 84.4 (SD = 3.8) years; 58.2% of participants were women; and 52.5% had a low educational level. Loneliness affected 56% of participants, and 66% reported limitations in BADL/IADL. Loneliness was significantly associated with functional limitation in BADL/IADL in both univariate (OR = 2.18 [95% CI = 1.98-2.39]) and multivariate (OR = 1.50 [95% CI = 1.34-1.67]) models, even after adjustment for covariates, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 76%.
CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness is significantly and independently associated with limitations in BADL/IADL among the oldest-old.
RELEVANCE: These findings highlight the importance of assessing psychosocial factors, such as loneliness, when evaluating functional health in the oldest-old.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between loneliness and limitations in 1 or more basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in individuals who were 80 years old or older.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study using data from wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.
SETTING: The study was conducted in 26 European countries.
PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 7434 community-dwelling adults who were 80 years old or older.
EXPOSURE: Loneliness was assessed using the 3-item loneliness scale, covering companionship, exclusion, and isolation.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Functional limitations were defined as difficulty in 1 or more BADL (dressing, walking, bathing, eating, bed transfer, and toileting), IADL (map use, preparing a hot meal, shopping, phone use, medication management, housework, finances, transportation, and laundry), or in both types of activities (BADL and IADL). Sociodemographic and health-related variables were considered. Logistic regression and multivariate analyses were applied, using the odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure.
RESULTS: The mean age was 84.4 (SD = 3.8) years; 58.2% of participants were women; and 52.5% had a low educational level. Loneliness affected 56% of participants, and 66% reported limitations in BADL/IADL. Loneliness was significantly associated with functional limitation in BADL/IADL in both univariate (OR = 2.18 [95% CI = 1.98-2.39]) and multivariate (OR = 1.50 [95% CI = 1.34-1.67]) models, even after adjustment for covariates, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 76%.
CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness is significantly and independently associated with limitations in BADL/IADL among the oldest-old.
RELEVANCE: These findings highlight the importance of assessing psychosocial factors, such as loneliness, when evaluating functional health in the oldest-old.