The respiratory microbiome influences the occurrence of respiratory diseases in children.

Respiratory diseases are common and frequently occurring illnesses in children. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the respiratory microbiome is closely associated with the susceptibility and severity of respiratory diseases in children, and its microbial composition and metabolites are involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory infections, allergic airway inflammation, asthma and other disorders. Based on the cutting-edge research findings of the past 2-3 years, this review systematically summarizes the composition and sources of the respiratory microbiome in children, the characteristics of its colonization and dysbiosis, the interaction mechanisms with the host immune system, as well as the correlation rules with common respiratory diseases. It also focuses on elaborating novel therapeutic strategies such as probiotic therapy, phage therapy, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) therapy, aiming to provide new ideas and directions for the research on the pathogenesis and clinical precision treatment of childhood respiratory diseases.