Randomized controlled trial of compact fluorescent lamp versus standard phototherapy for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

BACKGROUND

Special blue tube lights of standard length are used in most neonatal units to deliver phototherapy. Of late, special blue compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy equipments have been introduced in India, which are claimed to be better than standard tube lights.

AIM: To compare special blue compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) phototherapy with special blue standard-length tube lights (STL).

METHODS

This randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a level III NICU. Neonates, otherwise healthy, of gestation greater than 34 weeks with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, were included. Rh iso-immunized babies, those who underwent prior exchange transfusion and whose parents declined to consent were excluded. By stratified block randomization, babies were allocated to receive phototherapy by CFL or STL. CFL and STL were both special blue lights with irradiance maintained above 15 microWatts/nm/cm2. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured 12 hourly till phototherapy was stopped or an exchange transfusion was done. Temperature and clinical and laboratory parameters of dehydration were recorded 12 hourly till 72 hrs. Nursing staff answered an objectivized proforma about the disadvantageous effects on nurses.

RESULTS

Fifty babies were enrolled in each group. Baseline characteristics, causes of jaundice, hemolysis, baseline TSB and irradiance were similar in both groups. Mean duration of phototherapy (P = 0.98) was similar in both groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis of phototherapy duration showed no difference in the survival curves of the 2 groups (P = 0.6). Axillary temperature was similar in both groups and no baby was dehydrated. Nursing staff reported no significant differences between CFL and STL visavis glare hurting the eyes, giddiness and headache.

CONCLUSIONS

CFL phototherapy has no superiority over STL phototherapy in terms of efficacy and adverse effects on the neonate and effects on nursing staff.