Gestational Carrier Pregnancies: Legal and Ethical Considerations for Pediatricians.

This case explores the legal and ethical considerations for pediatricians surrounding gestational carrier pregnancies in the United States. Because of high success rates for assisted reproduction, state laws supporting same-sex adoption and surrogacy, and established legal precedents, gestational carrier pregnancies are increasingly common. The case presented involves a gestational carrier in preterm labor at 30 weeks' gestation with malpositioned twins who declines a cesarean delivery. Three commentaries are presented. The first highlights the importance of understanding the ethical implications of gestational carrier pregnancies in prenatal counseling. The second commentary emphasizes the pregnant person's right to autonomy and bodily integrity, and discusses considerations in surrogacy pregnancies, including the authority to authorize a cesarean delivery, valid informed consent, and decision-making for neonates. The third commentary discusses autonomy, emphasizing the importance of contracts in surrogacy pregnancies, and suggests that, in the case of a conflict between the gestational carrier and the intended parent(s), the gestational carrier's preference should be decisive regarding medical care during pregnancy. These discussions highlight key concepts for ethically informed and family-centered care in gestational carrier pregnancies and deliveries.