Frontiers in public health · 2026
Prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes among older adults in India: evidence from a national survey.
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Ravi Rashita, Olickal Jeby Jose, Adoor Aajna, Devasia James, Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a reversible intermediate stage of dysglycemia that substantially increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. India is witnessing a rapid rise in the burden of prediabetes; however, national evidence on biomarker-verified prediabetes among older adults remains limited. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes and identify its associated factors among older adults in India.
METHODS: We conducted a secondary cross-sectional analysis of wave one longitudinal aging study in India (LASI) data, a nationally representative survey of adults aged ≥45 years. A total of 58,386 participants with valid biomarker data on blood glucose levels were included. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. Factors associated with prediabetes were examined using Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of prediabetes among adults aged ≥45 years was 30.4% (95% CI: 29.5-31.2), and dysglycemia (prediabetes + diabetes) was 49.8% (95% CI: 48.9-50.7). Factors independently associated with higher prediabetes prevalence were age 60-74 years (aPR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.29), ≥75 years (aPR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.45), female sex (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), not currently working (aPR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15), other religions versus Hindu (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), no acute anemia in the past 2 years (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), overweight (aPR 1.56, 95% CI 1.41-1.73), and obesity (aPR 1.90, 95% CI 1.70-2.13). Prediabetes was most prevalent in Telangana (70.0%) and lowest in Sikkim (6.6%), while dysglycemia was highest in Telangana (78.0%), and lowest in Meghalaya (16.7%). Higher dysglycemia prevalence was independently associated with older age (60-74 and ≥75 years), urban residence, not currently working, family history of diabetes, hypertension, and excess adiposity, with the strongest associations observed for overweight (aPR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53-1.78) and obesity (aPR 1.86, 95% CI 1.72-2.02) (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Prediabetes affects more than one in four older adults in India. The marked regional and socioeconomic disparities underscore the urgent need for population-specific, biomarker-based screening and prevention strategies targeting older adults to curb progression to diabetes and related complications.
METHODS: We conducted a secondary cross-sectional analysis of wave one longitudinal aging study in India (LASI) data, a nationally representative survey of adults aged ≥45 years. A total of 58,386 participants with valid biomarker data on blood glucose levels were included. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c 5.7-6.4%. Factors associated with prediabetes were examined using Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs.
RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of prediabetes among adults aged ≥45 years was 30.4% (95% CI: 29.5-31.2), and dysglycemia (prediabetes + diabetes) was 49.8% (95% CI: 48.9-50.7). Factors independently associated with higher prediabetes prevalence were age 60-74 years (aPR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.29), ≥75 years (aPR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.45), female sex (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06-1.19), not currently working (aPR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15), other religions versus Hindu (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), no acute anemia in the past 2 years (aPR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), overweight (aPR 1.56, 95% CI 1.41-1.73), and obesity (aPR 1.90, 95% CI 1.70-2.13). Prediabetes was most prevalent in Telangana (70.0%) and lowest in Sikkim (6.6%), while dysglycemia was highest in Telangana (78.0%), and lowest in Meghalaya (16.7%). Higher dysglycemia prevalence was independently associated with older age (60-74 and ≥75 years), urban residence, not currently working, family history of diabetes, hypertension, and excess adiposity, with the strongest associations observed for overweight (aPR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53-1.78) and obesity (aPR 1.86, 95% CI 1.72-2.02) (all p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Prediabetes affects more than one in four older adults in India. The marked regional and socioeconomic disparities underscore the urgent need for population-specific, biomarker-based screening and prevention strategies targeting older adults to curb progression to diabetes and related complications.