International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026
Augmented reality enhanced physical simulation for femoral nailing training.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Stauffer Tobias, Gutiez Blanca, Babst Reto, Lohmeyer Quentin, Meboldt Mirko
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Current femoral nailing simulators face a trade-off between delivering procedural guidance and realistic haptic feedback. This study aimed to address this limitation by developing and evaluating an augmented reality (AR)-enhanced physical simulator that combines real surgical instruments with AR-based visualization. The system provides spatial feedback on fluoroscopic imaging orientation and implant placement within hidden anatomical structures, supporting self-directed learning.
METHODS: A hybrid simulator integrating a synthetic femur, real surgical instruments, and an AR interface on the Apple Vision Pro was developed. The AR application introduces users to fluoroscopic imaging and implant placement-covering nail insertion and alignment. After completing this AR-guided phase, 25 participants (6 experts and 19 non-experts) performed three unguided simulation runs followed by one retention session. Performance metrics included task completion time, number of simulated fluoroscopic images, and implant placement accuracy.
RESULTS: Data from 23 participants were analyzed. Task completion time decreased across simulation runs (insertion: -47.1%; alignment: -57.4%) and remained stable during retention. The number of simulated fluoroscopic images declined (insertion: -45.6%; alignment: -49.2%). Implant placement accuracy remained stable. Experts consistently performed faster than non-experts, with performance differences decreasing across simulation runs.
CONCLUSION: The AR-enhanced physical simulator led to clear learning effects in procedural efficiency and radiographic handling while maintaining consistent implant accuracy. These findings support AR as a valuable tool to enhance accessibility, spatial learning, and realism in simulation-based surgical training, representing a further step in the ongoing shift toward simulation-based surgical training.
METHODS: A hybrid simulator integrating a synthetic femur, real surgical instruments, and an AR interface on the Apple Vision Pro was developed. The AR application introduces users to fluoroscopic imaging and implant placement-covering nail insertion and alignment. After completing this AR-guided phase, 25 participants (6 experts and 19 non-experts) performed three unguided simulation runs followed by one retention session. Performance metrics included task completion time, number of simulated fluoroscopic images, and implant placement accuracy.
RESULTS: Data from 23 participants were analyzed. Task completion time decreased across simulation runs (insertion: -47.1%; alignment: -57.4%) and remained stable during retention. The number of simulated fluoroscopic images declined (insertion: -45.6%; alignment: -49.2%). Implant placement accuracy remained stable. Experts consistently performed faster than non-experts, with performance differences decreasing across simulation runs.
CONCLUSION: The AR-enhanced physical simulator led to clear learning effects in procedural efficiency and radiographic handling while maintaining consistent implant accuracy. These findings support AR as a valuable tool to enhance accessibility, spatial learning, and realism in simulation-based surgical training, representing a further step in the ongoing shift toward simulation-based surgical training.