Zinner's syndrome in two young middle-aged men: a case report and review of the literature.

Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a relatively uncommon congenital genitourinary malformation, characterised by a triad of conditions: unilateral renal hypoplasia or dysplasia, ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction and seminal vesicle cysts. This association is caused by the hypoplasia of the distal portion of the Wolffian duct between the 4th and 13th week of gestational age. To date, approximately 221 cases have been documented, the majority of which are case reports, with only a few being retrospective studies. However, the number of cases remains relatively limited. The lack of a clear and consistent set of symptoms can result in misdiagnosis. This paper presents two patients with two different presentations of Zinner syndrome. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.