Migrasomes program tissue microenvironment: from physiology to oncology, future perspectives in clinical advances.

Cancer remains a critical global health challenge, necessitating an in-depth investigation into spatiotemporal dimensions. Migrasomes, a class of migration-dependent organelles that sequester spatiotemporal and biochemical cues, offer a previously overlooked pathway for microenvironmental programming during tumor evolution. At the cellular level, migrasomes mediate extensive intercellular communication and material transfer, while facilitating cellular quality control via the extrusion of damaged organelles. Within tissue microenvironments, these organelles exert context-dependent, bidirectional effects, modulating homeostasis in processes such as wound healing, senescence, inflammation, and microbial infection, while being exploited in cancer to drive proliferation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and metastasis. This review elucidates the intricate role of migrasomes within tumor microenvironments and other tissue settings, discusses their potential involvement in the transition from tissue homeostasis to malignancy, and evaluates their potential implications for clinical therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.