New drugs for tuberculosis treatment.

Available data on anti-tuberculosis drug research reveal different properties of the agents and provoke speculation about future directions. Higher doses of the rifamycins are promising and are currently being evaluated in regimens of shorter duration that the isoniazid plus rifampin-based, six-to-nine month-course therapy. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin might shorten tuberculosis treatment as well, possibly in combination with rifapentine, while SQ109 could enhance the activity of rifampin-containing regimens. On the other hand, co-administration of moxifloxacin and PA-824 could be active against latent tuberculosis, whereas linezolid, PA-824 and TMC207 are candidates for a rifampin-free regimen in multidrug-resistant and extensively-resistant tuberculosis. Unfortunately, shorter than existent treatment regimens based on the new agents discussed here are likely to take at least another decade to be fully developed and implemented in clinical practice.