Metabolomic Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Preliminary Cellular Activity of Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urb., a Traditional Plant from Yucatan.

Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urb. (KF), commonly known as Ch'iin took', is a species native to the Yucatan Mexico, whose phytochemical composition remains poorly characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolomic profile, antioxidant capacity, and preliminary cellular activity of KF. An aqueous extract was obtained from KF bark (20 mg/mL). Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using ORAC and DPPH assays. Total phenolic content was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phenolic profile was determined by UPLC-PDA-MS, and preliminary cellular activity was evaluated by estimating cell number based on the quantification of DAPI-stained nuclei after 72 h of treatment with extract concentrations ranging from 3 to 3000 μg/mL. The extract showed an antioxidant capacity of 1765 ± 59.1 Trolox equivalents/mL and 85.9 ± 0.34% of DPPH radical scavenging activity. The total polyphenol content was 1163 ± 61.5 mg GAE/L, and its phenolic profile was mainly characterized by catechin 3-O-rhamnoside, taxifolin 3-O-rhamnoside, and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside. Cell activity analysis revealed that both the 3 and 300 μg/mL concentrations increased the number of cells and the area covered by them compared with the control group at 48 and 72 h. The 3000 μg/mL concentration showed no difference compared with the water control. Our results suggest that KF contains polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties without affecting cellular response.