[Malnutrition and pressure injuries: results of a nursing intervention in hospitalized patients at risk].

Introduction: there is a close relationship between nutritional status and pressure injuries (PPI). Malnutrition and PII increase morbidity and mortality, hospitalization frequency, and costs. Objectives: to analyze the impact/effectiveness of a nursing intervention in reducing pressure injuries in patients at risk and with nutritional deficiencies. Materials and methods: this study was conducted with a prospective, pre-post analytical design and retrospective data collection. The study population consisted of adult patients admitted with a Braden Scale score of ≤ 14 upon admission during 2022, 2024, and January 2025. Data collection was performed through electronic medical records, with descriptive analysis and associations of variables. Results: the sample analyzed consisted of 394 patients, 196 pre- and 198 post. The incidence of pressure injuries was reduced from 17.9 % to 2.5 %. A higher percentage of patients at nutritional risk was detected: from 14.3 % to 73.2 % with MUST and from 12.8 % to 75.3 % with MNA. The concordance analysis between the Braden nutritional subscale and the MUST and MNA scales showed low concordance. There was an increase in the prescription of high-protein supplements and in nursing consultations, both with statistical significance. The hospital death rate decreased from 69.9 % to 32.8 %. Conclusions: the results suggest that the implementation of a structured nurse-led intervention, based on the use of validated scales, is associated with improved detection of nutritional risk and a lower incidence of pressure injuries in hospitalized patients, although the study design does not allow causal relationships to be established.