Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine · 2025
Long-Term Neuropsychological Outcome and Effect of Cognitive Reserve in Retired Athletes.
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Dewar Bonnie-Kate, Murray James, Pedder Hugo, Turner Michael
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term neuropsychological outcome in retired, predominantly equestrian, athletes with a history of concussion and determine whether there is a protective role of cognitive reserve in the expression of cognitive impairment.
DESIGN: The neuropsychological functioning of retired athletes with a history of concussion was compared with controls.
SETTING: Private research clinic as part of the ICHIRF study.
PARTICIPANTS: Male and female retired athletes and controls.
INTERVENTIONS: Participants were administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A principal components analysis regression was conducted, adjusted for participant characteristics. Premorbid function was used as an index of cognitive reserve.
RESULTS: Three components were identified that explained >95% of the variance in 14 neuropsychology tests; the first component (PC1) explained 87% of the variance. A regression model on PC1 identified an association between concussion and PC1, with lower scores in concussed participants with lower premorbid function.
CONCLUSIONS: A history of concussion is associated with lower neuropsychological performance, and this is more pronounced in individuals with lower premorbid functioning, an indicator of cognitive reserve.
DESIGN: The neuropsychological functioning of retired athletes with a history of concussion was compared with controls.
SETTING: Private research clinic as part of the ICHIRF study.
PARTICIPANTS: Male and female retired athletes and controls.
INTERVENTIONS: Participants were administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A principal components analysis regression was conducted, adjusted for participant characteristics. Premorbid function was used as an index of cognitive reserve.
RESULTS: Three components were identified that explained >95% of the variance in 14 neuropsychology tests; the first component (PC1) explained 87% of the variance. A regression model on PC1 identified an association between concussion and PC1, with lower scores in concussed participants with lower premorbid function.
CONCLUSIONS: A history of concussion is associated with lower neuropsychological performance, and this is more pronounced in individuals with lower premorbid functioning, an indicator of cognitive reserve.