Quality of life associated with breathlessness in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: A cross-sectional analysis.

INTRODUCTION

Evidence of an association between breathlessness and quality of life from population-based studies is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of both physical and mental quality of life with breathlessness across several low-, middle- and high-income countries.

METHODS

We analysed data from 19 714 adults (31 sites, 25 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We measured both mental and physical quality of life components using the SF-12 questionnaire, and defined breathlessness as grade ≥2 on the modified Medical Research Council scale. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association of each quality-of-life component with breathlessness. We pooled site-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Both physical and mental component scores were lower in participants with breathlessness compared to those without. This association was stronger for the physical component (coefficient = -7.59; 95%CI -8.60, -6.58; I2 = 78.5%) than for the mental component (coefficient = -3.50; 95%CI -4.36, -2.63; I2 = 71.4%). The association between physical component and breathlessness was stronger in high-income countries (coefficient = -8.82; 95%CI -10.15, -7.50). Heterogeneity across sites was partly explained by sex and tobacco smoking.

CONCLUSION

Quality of life is worse in people with breathlessness, but this association varies widely across the world.