Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: a review with emphasis on environmental studies and laboratory diagnosis.

Legionella pneumophila and related species are important causes of epidemic bacterial pneumonia and nosocomial infection. This review will discuss this new family of bacteria and the diseases they produce. The classification, general microbiologic characteristics, and ecology of the bacteria will be reviewed and the epidemiology and clinical aspects of the infection will be discussed. More emphasis will be given to issues that are more directly related to laboratory workers and with which the author has had more direct experience: pathology, laboratory diagnosis of human infection, pathogenesis of the infection, and virulence mechanisms of the bacterium. Therapy and prevention of the infection will be discussed more briefly.