Elucidating the nanointerface-enabled enzymatic cascade amplification mechanism for a precise self-powered strategy.

This study pioneers a enzymatic biofuel cell that fundamentally redefines portable detection of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease through synergistic nanomaterial engineering and molecular circuitry design. As a single-enzyme architecture, Exo III-mediated molecular circumvents nonspecific interference inherent in multi-enzyme systems while achieving dual amplification cycles. This enzymatic machinery drives a magnetic nanomachine for target recycling, synergizing with heterostructured MoS2-AuNPs that exhibits exceptional photothermal conversion (62.71% efficiency) and engineered electron transfer pathways. Bimetallic CuCo-MOF@C/PDA nanocomposites amplify system performance through their dual functionality, which can enhance glucose oxidase activity at the bioanode (Km = 0.0557 mM for H2O2). Crucially, the platform introduces a mathematical validation framework that formalizing triple-mode agreement to eliminate false positives. The integrated three-mode detection platform achieves unprecedented sensitivity, with detection limits of 3.42 × 10-17 M (electrochemical), 1.08 × 10-17 M (colorimetric), and 1.78 × 10-15 M (photothermal), maintaining over 96% signal fidelity after long-term storage. Validated in real sugarcane samples (97.3-104.4% recovery), this work establishes a new paradigm for portable mobile plant pathogen diagnostics, where self-powered operation converges with built-in analytical redundancy to deliver laboratory-grade accuracy in mobile detection.