Pregnancy in transplant recipients.

A growing number of transplant recipients are women of reproductive age or children who will reach reproductive age. Thus, menstrual function and pregnancy increasingly are important issues because fertility is restored to women who were previously unable to conceive. To date, successful pregnancies have been reported in female recipients of kidney, liver, heart, pancreas-liver, bone marrow, and lung transplants. Women often become pregnant while being maintained on numerous medications, including immunosuppressive agents, and their care providers must be able to counsel and care for them. Information to date suggests that immunosuppressive medications are safe for use during pregnancy and are important in preventing maternal and fetal complications secondary to graft rejection. Although no formal guidelines have been established due to limited clinical experience, there are a few criteria that are commonly agreed on to improve the probability of a successful pregnancy outcome and the maintenance of graft function in transplant patients. Successful management of the pregnant transplant patient requires a cooperative effort between the obstetrician and transplant team.