[Diagnosis and management of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease : A guideline for outpatient treatment].

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the central nervous system. Up to 80% of patients suffer from dysphagia, which can affect all phases of the swallowing process. In addition to a reduced quality of life, serious complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia occur, which significantly increase morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in PD. In addition, problems swallowing pills can impair the effectiveness of PD medications. As it is rarely noticed or spontaneously reported by those affected, it is essential to diagnose dysphagia through a targeted medical history and clinical examination, supplemented by instrumental procedures such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Treatment should be provided early and individually, with the focus on speech therapy supported by physiotherapy, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, and nutritional advice.