[Effects of genetic polymorphism of phosphoglucomutase identifiable in human milk (PGM4 locus) on the somatotype of the newborn and reproductive function of women].

The polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing technique was used to examine structural variations of the human milk-expressed enzyme PGM4-locus phosphoglucomutase. Six phenotypes controlled by four alleles: PGM4*1, PGM4*2, PGM4*3, PGM4*4 with frequencies of 0.261, 0.664, 0.047, 0.028, respectively, were identified in 180 milk samples taken from Moscow Russian women in labour. The empirical distribution of the PGM4 phenotypes is in a moderate agreement with the expected one with chi 2 = 9.622; 6 d.f. (p > 0.05). Its phenotypic belonging to PGM4 1-2 and PGM4 2-2 was examined for its influence on female reproductive function and neonatal somatic type. The PGM4 1-2 phenotype was positively associated with miscarriages whereas PGM4 2-2 negatively correlated with this abnormality. If the mother had PGM4 2-2, there might be increased body dimensions (body length and mass, head and chest circumferences) in male neonates. On the contrary, PGM4 1-2 was negatively correlated with body length and mass in the newborns of both sexes. For female neonates, there was a highly significant association only with the presence of PGM4 2-2 in their mothers, namely: its presence was positively correlated with all body dimensions.