Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) · 2026
Incidence and characteristics of congenital syphilis cases in Catalonia, 2010-2024: Underestimation of disease burden and perspectives for elimination.
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López-Corbeto Evelin, Llach Berne Mireia, Pericas Escale Carles, Borrell Solé Nuria, Casabona Barbarà Jordi, ITS Group of the Comisión de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Cataluña
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a preventable infection and an indicator of access to and quality of antenatal care. Several countries have reported an increase in cases associated with rising syphilis rates among women.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of confirmed CS cases in Catalonia between 2010 and 2024.
METHODS: A descriptive analysis was conducted using data from the Catalan STI surveillance system. Clinical and epidemiological variables of live-born infants and their mothers were analysed, and annual incidence rates were calculated.
RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2024, 21 probable CS cases were reported, four of which were confirmed (overall incidence: 0.4 per 100,000 live births). The median age at diagnosis was 1 month; three infants presented symptoms at birth. The median maternal age was 28 years; two-thirds of mothers were born outside Spain. In two cases with available maternal information, syphilis was diagnosed during pregnancy, with management considered incomplete; in a third case, the diagnosis was made postpartum, and in another case, maternal information was not available. Concurrently, the incidence of syphilis among women increased eightfold over the study period.
CONCLUSION: Although Catalonia meets the WHO elimination threshold, the rising rates of syphilis among women highlight a growing risk of vertical transmission. Strengthening antenatal screening protocols, ensuring complete treatment, and expanding surveillance definitions to include foetal deaths are essential to avoid underestimation of the true disease burden and achieve full elimination.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of confirmed CS cases in Catalonia between 2010 and 2024.
METHODS: A descriptive analysis was conducted using data from the Catalan STI surveillance system. Clinical and epidemiological variables of live-born infants and their mothers were analysed, and annual incidence rates were calculated.
RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2024, 21 probable CS cases were reported, four of which were confirmed (overall incidence: 0.4 per 100,000 live births). The median age at diagnosis was 1 month; three infants presented symptoms at birth. The median maternal age was 28 years; two-thirds of mothers were born outside Spain. In two cases with available maternal information, syphilis was diagnosed during pregnancy, with management considered incomplete; in a third case, the diagnosis was made postpartum, and in another case, maternal information was not available. Concurrently, the incidence of syphilis among women increased eightfold over the study period.
CONCLUSION: Although Catalonia meets the WHO elimination threshold, the rising rates of syphilis among women highlight a growing risk of vertical transmission. Strengthening antenatal screening protocols, ensuring complete treatment, and expanding surveillance definitions to include foetal deaths are essential to avoid underestimation of the true disease burden and achieve full elimination.