Tracheoesophageal fistula.

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. Surgical intervention is required to establish esophageal continuity and prevent aspiration and overdistension of the stomach. Since the first successful report of thoracoscopic TEF repair in 2000, the minimally invasive approach has become increasingly utilized. The main advantages of the thoracoscopic technique include avoidance of a thoracotomy, improved cosmesis, and superior visualization of the anatomy and fistula afforded by the laparoscope׳s magnification.