The health effects associated with physical, sexual and psychological gender-based violence against men and women: a Burden of Proof study.
СтатьяМетаанализСистематический обзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Stein Caroline, Flor Luisa S, Gil Gabriela F, Khalil Mariam, Herbert Molly, Aravkin Aleksandr Y, Arrieta Alejandra, Baeza de Robba María Jose, Bustreo Flavia, Cagney Jack, Calderon-Anyosa Renzo J C, Carr Sinclair, Chandan Jaidev Kaur, Chandan Joht Singh, Coll Carolina V N, de Andrade Fabiana Martins Dias, de Andrade Gisele N, Debure Alexandra N, DeGraw Erin, Hammond Ben, Hay Simon I, Knaul Felicia M, Lim Rachel Q H, McLaughlin Susan A, Metheny Nicholas, Minhas Sonica, Mohr Jasleen K, Mullany Erin C, Murray Christopher J L, O'Connell Erin M, Patwardhan Vedavati, Reinach Sofia, Scott Dalton, Spencer Cory N, Sorensen Reed J D, Stöckl Heidi, Twalibu Aisha, Valikhanova Aiganym, Vasconcelos Nádia, Zheng Peng, Gakidou Emmanuela
Аннотация
The health impacts of exposure to physical, sexual or psychological gender-based violence (GBV) against men and women are substantial yet not well delineated. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed 40 studies to evaluate the associations between GBV (including but not limited to intimate partner violence) and eight health outcomes: sexually transmitted infections excluding HIV, maternal abortion and miscarriage, HIV/AIDS, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorders and self-harm. Using the Burden of Proof methods, we generated conservative metrics of association-including star ratings from one to five-reflecting both effect size and evidence strength. Sexual violence was associated with six outcomes, with moderate, three-star evidence of association for sexually transmitted infections, maternal abortion and miscarriage, and major depressive disorder-increasing the risk by at least 104%, 101% and 50%, respectively. Seven outcomes were associated with physical GBV with two- or one-star associations, reflecting weak associations and/or inconsistent evidence. Of the four health outcomes analysed in relation to psychological GBV, one, major depressive disorder, had a significant association with a one-star rating. These findings emphasize the serious health consequences of GBV for survivors and the necessity of additional data to further our understanding of this complex public health issue.