International journal of women's health · 2026
Divergent Burden Profiles of HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women of Child-Bearing Age, 1990-2021.
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Li Zihuan, Li Shizu, Lin Guanwen, Zou Ya, You Chuming
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain major public health concerns for women of child-bearing age (WCBA, aged 15-49 years). Although their overall burden has been described in previous studies, the divergent burden profiles of HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA remain less clearly characterized, particularly the contrast between transmission-related burden and severe health loss.
METHODS: Data on incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in rates were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Trends were assessed globally and stratified by age group, WHO region, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region, and country.
RESULTS: In 2021, the GBD parent cause category of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was estimated to account for 287,185,456 incident cases, 550,753,107 prevalent cases, 267,911 deaths, and 17,079,099 DALYs among WCBA worldwide. Other STIs accounted for the vast majority of incident and prevalent cases, with 286,514,651 incident cases and 544,454,239 prevalent cases. In contrast, HIV/AIDS contributed most deaths and DALYs, with 265,696 deaths and 16,378,796 DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of HIV/AIDS decreased annually by 2.13%, whereas the incidence rate of other STIs increased slightly by 0.19% annually. Age-specific, regional, SDI-specific, and national patterns showed substantial heterogeneity, indicating that HIV/AIDS and other STIs did not change in parallel.
CONCLUSION: HIV/AIDS and other STIs showed divergent burden profiles among WCBA. HIV/AIDS remained the dominant contributor to deaths and DALYs, whereas other STIs accounted for most incident and prevalent cases. Progress in HIV/AIDS control should not be interpreted as overall STI control. Integrated, age-specific, region-specific, and country-specific strategies combining HIV prevention and treatment with broader STI screening, diagnosis, and management are needed.
METHODS: Data on incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HIV/AIDS and other STIs among WCBA from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in rates were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Trends were assessed globally and stratified by age group, WHO region, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) region, and country.
RESULTS: In 2021, the GBD parent cause category of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was estimated to account for 287,185,456 incident cases, 550,753,107 prevalent cases, 267,911 deaths, and 17,079,099 DALYs among WCBA worldwide. Other STIs accounted for the vast majority of incident and prevalent cases, with 286,514,651 incident cases and 544,454,239 prevalent cases. In contrast, HIV/AIDS contributed most deaths and DALYs, with 265,696 deaths and 16,378,796 DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of HIV/AIDS decreased annually by 2.13%, whereas the incidence rate of other STIs increased slightly by 0.19% annually. Age-specific, regional, SDI-specific, and national patterns showed substantial heterogeneity, indicating that HIV/AIDS and other STIs did not change in parallel.
CONCLUSION: HIV/AIDS and other STIs showed divergent burden profiles among WCBA. HIV/AIDS remained the dominant contributor to deaths and DALYs, whereas other STIs accounted for most incident and prevalent cases. Progress in HIV/AIDS control should not be interpreted as overall STI control. Integrated, age-specific, region-specific, and country-specific strategies combining HIV prevention and treatment with broader STI screening, diagnosis, and management are needed.