[Update on Research and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease].

The kidney and brain share strain vessels, which are short and small arterioles that branch out of larger arteries. These vessels are vulnerable to risk factors such as atherosclerosis, old age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking. The nervous system and the kidneys interact to maintain homeostasis. Many chronic kidney disease(CKD)-specific and nonspecific factors contribute to structural and functional cerebral changes in patients with CKD. In contrast, vagus nerve stimulation has been reported to alleviate inflammatory diseases, including kidney disease. Several new drugs have recently become available for the treatment of CKD: sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for CKD; finerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for CKD with type 2 diabetes; and a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor for anemia in patients with CKD.