Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025
Serum mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic and incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults: A nested case-control study.
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Ito Aoi, Yamamoto Shohei, Iwai-Shimada Miyuki, Kobayashi Yayoi, Isobe Tomohiko, Iwai Kenta, Nakayama Shoji F, Konishi Maki, Yamamoto Shuichiro, Nakagawa Tohru, Yamazaki Shin, Mizoue Tetsuya
Аннотация
BACKGROUND & AIMS: We aimed to prospectively examine the associations of serum mercury, lead, cadmium, and arsenic with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: This is a nested case-control study within a cohort of employees (n = 4754), who underwent comprehensive health checkups and provided blood samples, between 2008 and 2009. Serum cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During a 5-year follow-up period, type 2 diabetes was identified by plasma glucose, HbA1c, or self-report. Using the incident density method, two controls were randomly matched to each case by age, sex, and health checkup date, resulting in 325 cases and 611 controls with measurements of serum metal(loid)s. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% CI of type 2 diabetes across the quartiles of these metal(loid)s.
RESULTS: Higher serum mercury concentrations were associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes after adjusting for job section, shift work, smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, family history of diabetes, BMI, hypertension, and serum concentrations of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, magnesium, selenium, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The odds ratios (95% CIs) for the lowest to the highest quartiles of serum mercury were 1 (reference), 1.15 (0.70, 1.90), 1.41 (0.85, 2.36), and 1.98 (1.13, 3.47), respectively (Ptrend = 0.01). There were no associations between serum cadmium, lead, and arsenic and type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individuals with higher concentrations of serum mercury were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: This is a nested case-control study within a cohort of employees (n = 4754), who underwent comprehensive health checkups and provided blood samples, between 2008 and 2009. Serum cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During a 5-year follow-up period, type 2 diabetes was identified by plasma glucose, HbA1c, or self-report. Using the incident density method, two controls were randomly matched to each case by age, sex, and health checkup date, resulting in 325 cases and 611 controls with measurements of serum metal(loid)s. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% CI of type 2 diabetes across the quartiles of these metal(loid)s.
RESULTS: Higher serum mercury concentrations were associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes after adjusting for job section, shift work, smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, family history of diabetes, BMI, hypertension, and serum concentrations of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, magnesium, selenium, lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The odds ratios (95% CIs) for the lowest to the highest quartiles of serum mercury were 1 (reference), 1.15 (0.70, 1.90), 1.41 (0.85, 2.36), and 1.98 (1.13, 3.47), respectively (Ptrend = 0.01). There were no associations between serum cadmium, lead, and arsenic and type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individuals with higher concentrations of serum mercury were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.