Amelioration of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression by the methanol fraction of Talinum fruticosum.

Bone marrow suppression is a critical clinical condition characterized by reduced production of hematopoietic cells, leading to anemia, immunodeficiency, and bleeding disorders. This study evaluated the protective and restorative effects of the methanol fraction of T. fruticosum on cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow suppression in rats. The study employed a three-phase experimental design: Phase 1 assessed post-induction therapeutic effects, Phase 2 evaluated pretreatment protective effects, and Phase 3 examined the effects under repeated cyclophosphamide exposure. Rats were treated with graded doses (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) of the methanol fraction or folic acid (5 mg/kg) as a standard control. Hematological parameters, oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, and GPx), liver and kidney function indices, lipid profile, and bone marrow histomorphology were analyzed. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify bioactive compounds in the methanol fraction. Treatment with the methanol fraction significantly restored hematological indices, reduced MDA levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, normalized biochemical markers, and preserved bone marrow architecture in a dose- and phase-dependent manner, with the 2000 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effects. GC-MS analysis identified 37 compounds, including L-(-)-fucose, ascorbic acid, and phytol, which likely contributed to the observed cytoprotective and antioxidant effects. The methanol fraction of T. fruticosum demonstrates significant protective and restorative activity against cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow suppression, likely mediated through antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and hematopoietic-supportive mechanisms. These findings suggest its potential as a natural, cost-effective intervention for bone marrow suppression and warrant further investigation toward clinical application.