[Hematuria].

Haematuria represents an important clinical sign, which is easely detected by the test-stripe method. In the differential diagnosis between haematuria, haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, however, urine microscopy is essential. Evaluation of urinary red cell morphology (glomerular and nonglomerular erythrocytes) is often helpful in the aetiopathogenetic classification of haematuria by distinguishing glomerular bleeding from haematuria due to urological disorders. The various renal and extrarenal causes of haematuria are demonstrated.