Novel Epinephrine Delivery Devices.

There has been a large amount of research into novel, noninjectable routes of epinephrine recently. These routes, such as intranasal and sublingual, can deliver epinephrine in a needle-free way to achieve similar pharmacokinetics as seen with autoinjectors. In fact, there is now an intranasal epinephrine device available to prescribe patients at-risk for anaphylaxis. Thus, clinicians should be familiar with studies of these new routes of epinephrine delivery and use a shared decision-making approach with patients/families to decide if noninjectable epinephrine is appropriate for them.