Resurgence of congenital syphilis: diagnosis and treatment.

Despite comprehensive antenatal screening recommendations and inexpensive treatment, congenital syphilis has long been and continues to be a public health concern, causing substantial morbidity and adverse outcomes. The following article reviews syphilis etiology and presentation, clinical disease, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of congenital syphilis. A case will be presented describing a 31-week male infant exposed to infectious syphilis in utero. The neonate presented with classic signs of infection at birth. After initial serology testing of the infant, appropriate treatment was commenced. The infant received crystalline penicillin G for a period of ten days in consultation with pediatric infectious disease specialists. As expected, the infant's rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers declined by three and six months of age. An interdisciplinary approach provided safe and optimal care for this infant. He was discharged, stable, and thriving at 38 weeks corrected age. Long-term multidisciplinary management and follow-up were arranged.