Determination of the relationship between raftlin, oxidative stress levels, and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND

The pathogenesis of diabetes is affected by a complex interplay between numerous environmental and genetic factors. While single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are not directly used as biomarkers of the disease, they can be considered an important guide for determining predisposition.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the roles of raftlin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI (rs1544410 A>G) polymorphism, in the clinical progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

DESIGN

A retrospective observational case-control study.

METHODS

A total of 300 subjects were included in the study: 104 with T2DM, 85 with prediabetes, and 111 healthy controls. The VDR BsmI polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, while serum MDA, SOD, and raftlin were analyzed via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

RESULTS

No statistically significant differences were observed in the allelic and genotype frequencies of the VDR gene BsmI polymorphism between T2DM prediabetes patients and controls (p = 0.97, p = 0.58, respectively). MDA levels were higher, while raftlin levels were lower in patients with T2DM and prediabetes compared to controls (p < 0.05). Within the T2DM cohort, HbA1c (p = 0.014), MDA (p = 0.001), and raftlin (p < 0.001) differed significantly between the BB and bb genotypes, with a positive correlation between the bb genotype and HbA1c (p = 0.008, r = 0.287). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed raftlin's diagnostic potential among T2DM patients with the BB and bb genotypes, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839, a specificity of 69.2%, and a sensitivity of 81.5%.

CONCLUSION

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that raftlin exhibits significant diagnostic efficacy in individuals with the bb genotype within a clinical T2DM cohort.