American journal of translational research · 2026
Vitamin D +Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation: effects on serum markers and symptoms in ADHD children.
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Cai Jianying, Liu Yuan
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vitamin D combined with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on serum indicators, clinical symptoms and disease severity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and identify independent risk factors for treatment efficacy.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 367 children with ADHD admitted from August 2020 to August 2024, divided into control group (routine behavioral education + atomoxetine hydrochloride, n=180) and nutritional intervention (NI) group (additional vitamin D + DHA, n=187). The sample was split into training set (n=256) and validation set (n=111) at a 7:3 ratio, with relevant indicators analyzed via logistic regression, nomogram and ROC curve.
RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the NI group had significantly lower ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) and Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) scores, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and ferritin (SF) levels, higher total effective rate (94.49% vs 82.95%, P=0.004), and lower adverse reaction rate (4.72% vs 13.18%, P=0.018) than the control group (all P<0.05). Baseline ADHD-RS-IV≥26.5 points, CGI-S≥4.5 points, 25(OH)D<14.26 ng/mL and SF<19.61 ng/mL were independent risk factors for poor efficacy; their combined detection had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.901 in the validation set.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D combined with DHA can improve clinical symptoms, serum nutritional indicators, efficacy and safety of ADHD children. The 4 indicators are key factors affecting efficacy, and their combined detection has more accurate diagnostic efficiency.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 367 children with ADHD admitted from August 2020 to August 2024, divided into control group (routine behavioral education + atomoxetine hydrochloride, n=180) and nutritional intervention (NI) group (additional vitamin D + DHA, n=187). The sample was split into training set (n=256) and validation set (n=111) at a 7:3 ratio, with relevant indicators analyzed via logistic regression, nomogram and ROC curve.
RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the NI group had significantly lower ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) and Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) scores, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and ferritin (SF) levels, higher total effective rate (94.49% vs 82.95%, P=0.004), and lower adverse reaction rate (4.72% vs 13.18%, P=0.018) than the control group (all P<0.05). Baseline ADHD-RS-IV≥26.5 points, CGI-S≥4.5 points, 25(OH)D<14.26 ng/mL and SF<19.61 ng/mL were independent risk factors for poor efficacy; their combined detection had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.901 in the validation set.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D combined with DHA can improve clinical symptoms, serum nutritional indicators, efficacy and safety of ADHD children. The 4 indicators are key factors affecting efficacy, and their combined detection has more accurate diagnostic efficiency.