Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2025
Zinc/Silver-Based Hydrogen Sulfide Trapping as an Alternative to Cadmium for Sulfur Stable Isotope Analysis.
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Ure David, Dominato Karlynne R, Beaton Meagan L, Mundle Scott O C
Аннотация
RATIONALE: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) sulfur stable isotope ratio (δ34S) analyses use cadmium (Cd) or zinc (Zn) solutions; however, Cd is toxic, and Zn does not display an obvious change in color at low molar H2S inputs. This study (i) developed a non-toxic, colorimetric mixed zinc/silver (Zn/Ag)-based method and (ii) evaluated the minimum H2S input required for analysis.
METHODS: Gaseous H2S was trapped using the Cd- and Zn/Ag-based methods and converted to solid silver sulfide (Ag2S). δ34S stable isotope analysis was completed using elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS).
RESULTS: H2S, from 8.4 × 10-6 mol up to 1.0 × 10-4 mol, was trapped using the Cd- and Zn/Ag-based methods. The Zn/Ag-based method retained stable δ34S values at lower molar inputs than the Cd-based method. Environmental sampling had a usable detection range of approximately 4.1 × 10-4-7.8 × 10-1 mol/m3 (~10-19 000 ppm). The mean δ34S difference between methods was -0.1‰, ranging from -3.0‰ to +3.1‰, with 23 out of 27 samples falling within ±1.2‰.
CONCLUSIONS: The Zn/Ag-based method produced δ34S values comparable with the Cd-based method and maintained accuracy with lower molar inputs of H2S. The minimum molar input for analysis is ~8.4 × 10-6 mol. The Zn/Ag method is safer for human health and the environment, and a suitable alternative to Cd for H2S trapping and subsequent δ34S determination by IRMS.
METHODS: Gaseous H2S was trapped using the Cd- and Zn/Ag-based methods and converted to solid silver sulfide (Ag2S). δ34S stable isotope analysis was completed using elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS).
RESULTS: H2S, from 8.4 × 10-6 mol up to 1.0 × 10-4 mol, was trapped using the Cd- and Zn/Ag-based methods. The Zn/Ag-based method retained stable δ34S values at lower molar inputs than the Cd-based method. Environmental sampling had a usable detection range of approximately 4.1 × 10-4-7.8 × 10-1 mol/m3 (~10-19 000 ppm). The mean δ34S difference between methods was -0.1‰, ranging from -3.0‰ to +3.1‰, with 23 out of 27 samples falling within ±1.2‰.
CONCLUSIONS: The Zn/Ag-based method produced δ34S values comparable with the Cd-based method and maintained accuracy with lower molar inputs of H2S. The minimum molar input for analysis is ~8.4 × 10-6 mol. The Zn/Ag method is safer for human health and the environment, and a suitable alternative to Cd for H2S trapping and subsequent δ34S determination by IRMS.